Downward pressure on prices and impetus towards price convergence

As a result, downward pressure on property prices is mounting.

Downward pressure on prices enabling EU firms to compete efficiently in markets outside EU.

At the same time, a stronger renminbi has made imports less expensive, putting downward pressure on China's price structure.

As savings (and hence the global supply of loanable funds) increased, real rates came under downward pressure.

Other energy components exhibited a more stable pattern of increase or were , as in the case of electricity prices in some euro area countries , subject to downward pressure associated with

In many cases , the liberalisation process can give rise to downward pressure on prices and profit margins .

In this period , the forint was rather stable until February 2006 , before being repeatedly subjected to depreciation pressures .

This encourages short side speculation, which places downward pressure on the underlying bonds.

In this period , the forint was initially rather stable , before being repeatedly subjected to depreciation pressures .

Towards the end of May 2005 some expectations of a lowering of key ECB interest rates triggered a downward movement in rates , especially at the longer end of the money market yield curve .

Such a move would certainly seem appealing as a way to provide temporary relief from downward pressure on growth and prices.

With so many people out of work, downward pressure on wages is showing up in official statistics as well.

Actual appreciation would lead to actual deflation and further downward pressure on domestic interest rates.

The yield curve has remained fairly steep , but the downward impact of this on monetary growth is gradually waning .

As yet , it is difficult to detect strong signs of pervasive downward pressure on prices or profit margins in euro area energy markets .

In the period under review , the krona was under depreciation pressures until midNovember 2005 , before following mostly an appreciation trend .

Exchange rate arbitrage by mainland importers and multinationals creates upward pressure on the CNY and downward pressure on the CNH.

There could be a real disaster if US growth woes turn today s mild downward pressures into something much more serious.

In November, the annual price growth was just 0.3 , while the recent collapse in oil prices will generate further downward pressure in the coming months.

So, while this latest bear market rally may continue for a bit longer, renewed downward pressure on stocks and other risky assets is inevitable.

Tighter regulation of lending standards has shut out an important source of global investment demand, putting downward pressure on interest rates.

So, despite all the handwringing over a Chinese crash, the rapid shift toward a services based economy is tempering downside pressures in the old manufacturing based economy.

strong competition appears to have exerted downward pressure on price developments in most non euro area Member States , particularly in industrial goods and food .

Subsequently , notwithstanding sizeable fluctuations , it appreciated until the end of February 2006 , before again coming under some downward pressure due to a rise in global risk aversion towards emerging markets .

It is most likely that the economic recession that characterised those episodes also exerted downward pressure on the real interest rate .

Higher interest rates also raise the cost of borrowing to buy these assets, which may diminish demand for them, exerting downward pressure on their prices.

The downward impact of the steep yield curve on monetary growth , which is reflected in the allocation of funds into longer term deposits and securities outside M3 , is gradually waning .

Second, because Rosneft must repay its external debt, it is likely to use its bailout cash to buy dollars, which can only result in further downward pressure on the ruble.

And, while increased supply particularly from North American shale resources has put downward pressure on prices, so has weaker demand in the eurozone, Japan, China, and many emerging markets.

For two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, employment levels were maintained and downward pressure on incomes mitigated by creating jobs in non tradable sectors.

This historically very low contribution of non energy industrial goods prices may reflect a downward impact on prices stemming from strong external competition and the lagged effects of the past appreciation of the euro .

The improvement in the Japanese economic outlook was not apparently sufficient to counteract the downward impact on the Japanese yen emanating from higher oil prices and a widening yield differential between Japan and other major economies .

It must also contend with significant fiscal drag, ongoing deleveraging in the household sector (amid weak job creation, stagnant incomes, and persistent downward pressure on real estate and financial wealth), rising inequality, and political gridlock.

This implies a gradual reduction in the effect on actual M3 growth arising from the downward impact of the steep yield curve and the associated allocation of funds into longer term deposits and securities outside M3 .

3.2.2 The pressure exerted on producers and food processors, and consequent downward pressure on prices, also leads to reduced wages both in the agricultural sector and for the employees in the manufacturing food industry.

3.3.2 The pressure exerted on farmers and food processors, and the consequent downward pressure on prices, also leads to reduced wages both in the agricultural sector and for employees in the food manufacturing industry.

3.5.2 The pressure exerted on farmers and food processors, and the consequent downward pressure on prices, also leads to reduced wages both in the agricultural sector and for employees in the food manufacturing industry.

Sales where the seller of the securities is not the owner of a corresponding number or amount of the same type of the securities sold or does not have an unconditionally enforceable right under the law of obligations or under a fiduciary entitlement to receive a corresponding number or amount of securities of the same type .

At the same time , market concerns about the outlook for global growth fuelled mainly by geopolitical uncertainty and soaring oil prices appeared to be putting some renewed downward pressure

Uncertainty surrounding the fiscal outlook , in combination with rising interest rates in major industrialised countries , led to some capital outflows from central and eastern European countries and temporary depreciation pressure on the zloty in April 2005 .

While old fears that automation and artificial intelligence would cause widespread structural unemployment have never been borne out, technology and globalization have put downward pressure on wages for all but the most skilled workers in the advanced economies.

In the past , nominal bond yields have tended to increase during oil price spikes , as surging inflation and inflation expectations clearly offset downward pressures on real rates that are associated with the concurrent economic downswing .

The actual growth in M3 continues to understate the underlying pace of monetary expansion , but the downward impact of the rather steep yield curve and the associated allocation of funds to longer term deposits and securities outside M3 appear to be gradually waning .

This implies that actual M3 growth is less affected than before by the downward impact of the steep yield curve and the associated allocation of funds into longer term deposits and securities outside M3 .